Is bitcoin in a bubble? Or will its price continue to increase through 2018?
Notable bankers, economists and investors have all weighed in over the past year. But views vary: some believe investors should hold their funds; but many have also sounded the alarm on bitcoin while expressing doubts on other cryptocurrencies.
The Bears
Peter Schiff
One of the few who predicted the 2008 housing crisis, Peter Schiff, President and CEO of Euro Pacific Capital, may be a gold bull, but his love of hard money doesn’t extend to bitcoin. And while some people can benefit from bitcoin, the investment advisor does not expect most people to sell in time to do so.
He told CoinDesk on Aug. 17, when bitcoin was trading at $4,000:
“There’s certainly a lot of bullishness about bitcoin and cryptocurrency, and that’s the case with bubbles in general. The psychology of bubbles fuels it. You just become more convinced that it’s going to work. And the higher the price goes, the more convinced you become that you’re right. But it’s not going up because it’s going to work. It’s going up because of speculation.”
Jamie Dimon
On Sept. 12, Jamie Dimon, CEO of JPMorgan Chase was speaking at a Barclays event when he doubled down on his criticism of bitcoin.
At the time, bitcoin was worth still around $4,000. Since then, he’s taken aim at bitcoin in a few more occasions, which sparked a wave of comments from Wall Street figures.
And the CEO said he’s now done talking about bitcoin.
“It’s a fraud … It’s worse than tulip bulbs. It won’t end well. Someone is going to get killed.” – Dimon on Sept. 12
“Right now these crypto things are kind of a novelty. People think they’re kind of neat. But the bigger they get, the more governments are going to close them down.” – Dimon on Sept. 22.
“If you’re stupid enough to buy it, you’ll pay the price for it one day.” – Dimon on Oct. 13.
Ray Dalio
Ray Dalio, founder of the hedge fund firm Bridgewater Associates said in an interview on Sept. 19 that the speculation around bitcoin coupled with its lack of broad adoption are preventing it from becoming a true currency.
Bitcoin stayed at around $4,000 at the time.
“It’s not an effective storehold of wealth because it has volatility to it, unlike gold. Bitcoin is a highly speculative market. Bitcoin is a bubble.”
John Hathaway
Two days later on Sept. 21, John Hathaway, a gold investor with Tocqueville Asset Management referred to cryptocurrencies as “garbage” during an interview, saying they were not taking attention or investments away from gold.
“Sure you can make money in bubbles any time but you have to get out. Let’s not forget that the total market value of these cryptocurrencies is $180 billion or so, maybe a little less now – that’s tiny compared to gold.”
Jordan Belfort
Jordan Belfort, the “Wolf of Wall Street,” backed up Jamie Dimonon on Sept. 27 after the latter’s infamous “fraud” comments. Bitcoin hovered around the $3,910 mark throughout the day.
“I’m not saying you should or shouldn’t buy bitcoin, but [what] I’m saying is I personally, myself, would be very, very careful about investing a lot of money in something that could vanish very quickly.”
Warren Buffett
Warren Buffett, the billionaire investor and perhaps the most notable figure of all listed here, called bitcoin “a real bubble” on Oct. 26 during a question-and-answer session he hosts every year.
At the time, bitcoin stayed close to the $5,700 mark.
“People get excited from big price movements, and Wall Street accommodates … You can’t value bitcoin because it’s not a value-producing asset.”
Tidjane Thiam
The following week on Nov. 2, CEO of Credit Suisse Tidjane Thiam, weighed in on the topic at a press conference, where he noted that bitcoin’s ability to facilitate anonymous transactions made it a challenge. At the time, the cryptocurrency was floating around the $7,000 mark.
“From what we can identify, the only reason today to buy or sell bitcoin is to make money, which is the very definition of speculation and the very definition of a bubble.”
Carl Icahn
Another billionaire investor Carl Icahn, also the founder of Icahn Enterprises said in an interview on Dec. 1 that bitcoin looked like a bubble to him, comparing it to the Mississippi land bubble just prior to its collapse.
Bitcoin jumped to $10,000 at the time.
“I got to tell you honestly, I don’t understand it … I just don’t get it. I just stay out of something if I don’t understand it.”
The Bulls
Bill Miller
Yet the legendary hedge fund investor Bill Miller stood by a different view.
He doubled down on his belief in cryptocurrencies as his MVP1 fund had increased its weight on bitcoin and bitcoin cash to nearly 50 percent. In mid December, he said in a podcast that his fund bought in around 2013 and 2014 when the bitcoin price was at $350 in average. At that time, the bitcoin investment only accounted for 5 percent of the pool.
Miller also took aim at those who have criticized the cryptocurrency, including Warren Buffet and Jamie Dimon above. According to Miller, neither of them had fully thought the topic through.
“I’m highly confident to say that not one of them had actually studied it carefully,” he said during the podcast. “That is to say, they have strong opinions about something they haven’t really looked at.”
Mike Novogratz
A former principal at Fortress Investment Group, long a fund with an interest in bitcoin, Mike Novogratz takes a more opportunistic approach.
While agreeing that bitcoin may have entered bubble territory in 2017, the billionaire investor announced on Sept. 26 he would launch a $500 million hedge fund focusing on cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology.
Bitcoin climbed back to $3,000s that day after the tumble amidst China’s crack down on ICO.
“This is going to be the largest bubble of our lifetimes. Prices are going to get way ahead of where they should be. You can make a whole lot of money on the way up, and we plan on it.”
He has since called plans off for the fund, but remains bullish on the technology.
The academics
While experts from the academic world didn’t go as far as the financiers who largely have cast doubts on the legitimacy of cryptocurrencies, they nonetheless raised questions on the bubble as well as whether cryptocurrencies can truly be evaluated in a rational model.
Aswath Damodaran
Known as the Wall Street’s “Dean of Valuation,” Aswath Damodaran, a finance professor at New York University’s Stern School of Business wrote on Oct. 25 in a blog post that that he does not think cryptocurrencies would ever be an asset class. Nor could it be a commodity.
“Bitcoin is not an asset, but a currency, and as such, you cannot value it or invest in it. You can only price it and trade it.”
Nouriel Roubini
Nouriel Roubini, economics professor at New York University’s Stern School of Business, referred to bitcoin as a “gigantic speculative bubble” on Nov. 8 during an interview with Business Insider Poland.
Bitcoin reached nearly $8,000 at the time.
“What’s more – it is also used by criminals, for their shady business. I think that more and more countries will start to make cryptocurrency exchanges illegal like China did. New regulations will be adopted. So, this will find its end.”
Joseph Stigliz
Joseph Stigliz, former chief economist at the World Bank and now a professor at the Columbia University said on Nov. 29 he believes digital currencies should be controlled by the government, calling bitcoin’s price increases unsustainable.
At the time, bitcoin was jumping around the $9,900 mark.
“Bitcoin is successful only because of its potential for circumvention, lack of oversight … So it seems to me it ought to be outlawed. It doesn’t serve any socially useful function.”
Robert Shiller
Robert Shiller, Nobel prize-winning economist somehow echoed with a similar view on Dec. 19. He said in an interview that investors in the cryptocurrency are not making rational decisions when it comes to bitcoin investment since there’s not way to evaluate the cryptocurrency.
Bitcoin’s price skyrocketed to almost $20,000 over the prior weekend.
“I think the value of bitcoin is exceptionally ambiguous,” he said. “You might think people who are educated will transform the decision problem into something precise … But it doesn’t seem like the brain is doing that.”
Wall Street image via CoinDesk’s archive